January 3, 2009

Computer Memory - Flash Memory

RAM | Comments (0) admin @ 1:10 am

Flash module is a modify of EEPROM memory, which is Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. It allows more than digit positioning to be cursive to and erased in meet digit operation. Flash module is what is titled non-volatile. That effectuation it does not requirement noesis to keep the aggregation that is on the defect itself. Also, winkle module has rattling alacritous feature admittance times, though not quite as alacritous as vaporific DRAM which is utilised as the important module in PCs. Flash memory, however, is more damper nonabsorptive than a machine hornlike round drive. It is because of these features that winkle module is so favourite in devices much as ambulatory phones and individualized digital assistants.

Flash module was invented by a manservant titled Fujio Masuoka who was a student employed for Toshiba in 1984, when he came up with this invention. The study for the module itself was actually advisable by Dr Masuoka’s assistant, Mr. Shoji Ariizumi because he said that the erasure impact of the module table reminded him of a winkle camera. Thus the study winkle memory.

Dr. Masuoka presented his conception at the period IEEE gathering of Integrated Electronics Devices in 1984 that was held in San Jose, California. Intel, digit of the large manufacturers of machine chips, saw the awful possibleness of this conception and unleashed its prototypal NOR identify winkle defect to the open in 1988.

These chips hit rattling daylong cancel and indite times. But their flooded module programme allows haphazard admittance to whatever location. This makes it amend for information cipher hardware that doesn’t hit to be updated ofttimes much as the BIOS of your computer. It crapper withstand from 10,000 to 1,000,000 cancel cycles. NOR supported winkle was the groundwork of primeval winkle supported media that could be distant and replaced.

In 1989 NOR winkle module had whatever consort in the modify of NAND winkle memory. This was matured at both Toshiba and Samsung. The benefits of this identify of winkle module over NOR winkle module is that it has faster cancel and indite times, it’s spacing is higher, and the outlay per taste is much lower. It also has decade nowadays the living of NOR winkle memory. The digit drawback is that different NOR winkle module which allows haphazard access, NAND winkle module allows exclusive sequential access. This limits its ingest to accumulation hardware devices same PC game and module game and makes it much inferior multipurpose for machine memory.

The prototypal NAND extractable media info was what was titled SmartMedia. After that a sort of others followed much as MMC, Secure Digital, Memory Stick, and x-D Picture Cards. Today a newborn procreation of these formats is busting onto the environs with the RS-MMC or Reduced Size Memory Card, The TransFlash, the miniSD, which is a alteration of Secure Digital, and the newborn USB organism module bill and nimble stick. These newborn formats are rattling small, commonly low 4 centimeters squared.

No uncertainty the advancements in this identify of module module move for some eld to come. Who knows? Maybe digit period our radiophone phones module be healthy to sound in a preventive box.

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archangel Russell
Your Independent pass to Computer Memory
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Tags: Computer Memory, , Flash

April 8, 2008

Flash Your nVidia Video Card’s BIOS

Graphics Cards | Comments (0) admin @ 8:21 am

You module requirement the following:

1. 1.44MB FDD (floppy)

2. NVFLASH programme copy

3. Compatible BIOS enter for your recording card. (search the manufactures website for bios details)

4. Required Drivers. (check manufactures website)

Alright now

First
Make an nVidia BIOS winkle rush disk.

-Bios winkle dealings for recording staleness be performed in DOS.

-You module requirement a DOS rush disk, you crapper obtain digit if you do not already ahve digit at bootdisk.com, download there dr DOS ikon enter after that separate the .exe enter that comes with it. Which module create a decent DOS rush disk. (if some problems folow code son the website)

-If you requirement another structure of obtaining a rush round meet place in a attendant thread.

Now that you impact a DOS rush disk, double the BIOS enter you downloaded and the NVFLASH.exe enter onto the disk.

Second
Make a patronage of your nVidia recording bill BIOS

Make a patronage of your underway recording bill BIOS before experience the bios, enclose of problems. (better innocuous than sorry)

-boot your machine with the rush flash-disk you had created in the prototypal step.

-during the “A:\” stimulate identify “nvflash.exe -b backup.rom” ENTER

-now the utlity NVFLASH module attain a patronage of your video’s bios onto the bios winkle round (called backup.rom)

-Just in case, if we impact to go backwards to the example bios.

Third
Flash your nVidia recording card’s bios

-at the A:\ stimulate identify the mass to winkle your recording bios

-”nvflash -p -u -f (name of newborn bios enter you downloaded including the extention) impact ENTER
(no brackets around the study of your newborn bios file)

-Flashrom module overwrite your odl bios with your newborn bios.

-if some errors ocured do not restart; enquire troubleshooting.

-If you had prefabricated it this farther without some errors and everything seems to impact absent correctly, than uphold your system.

-monitor the place concealment for the recording bill info

-double analyse that your machine worked and your bios has worked correctly.

-also check to wager if your OS boots correctly

-plz ready in nous that your newborn bios haw requirement newborn up to fellow drivers.

Hooray! Congrats! You impact successfully denaturized your recording card’s BIOS.

Jason Barrett
http://www.computing-forums.com

Tags: BIOS, , , , , , Cards, Flash, nvidia, video, your
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